SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7324 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    89256, 89313, 89316, 89310, 89311, 89304, 
    89303, 89259, 89258, 93071, 93072, 
    93073, 93074, 93075, 93076, 93077, 
    93515, 93516, 93517, 93518, 93519, 
    93520, 93521, 93522, 93894, 93895, 
    94067, 94068, 94069, 94070
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00131

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "38.07"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 42,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 42,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "4.48",
              "eval_cost": "4.20",
              "prefix_cost": "8.68",
              "data_read_per_join": "672"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (89256,89313,89316,89310,89311,89304,89303,89259,89258,93071,93072,93073,93074,93075,93076,93077,93515,93516,93517,93518,93519,93520,93521,93522,93894,93895,94067,94068,94069,94070))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 42,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.50",
              "eval_cost": "4.20",
              "prefix_cost": "23.38",
              "data_read_per_join": "672"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "10.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.21",
              "prefix_cost": "38.08",
              "data_read_per_join": "5K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
89256 7143,7153,7324,7325,7154M 0
89258 7143,7153,7324,7325,7154M 0
89259 7143,7153,7324,7325,7154M 0
89303 7326M
89304 7326M
89310 7326M
89311 7326M
89313 7326M
89316 7326M
93071 7326M
93072 7326M
93073 7326M
93074 7326M
93075 7326M
93076 7326M
93077 7326M
93515 7326M
93516 7326M
93517 7326M
93518 7326M
93519 7326M
93520 7326M
93521 7326M
93522 7326M
93894 7326M
93895 7326M
94067 7326M
94068 7326M
94069 7326M
94070 7326M