SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7149 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    86330, 86333, 86334, 86338, 86342, 82358, 
    82387, 86332, 82388, 82365, 84752, 
    92593, 92594, 92595, 92596, 94023, 
    94694, 94695, 94696, 94697, 94698, 
    94699, 94700, 94701, 94702, 94707, 
    94708, 96295, 96298, 96299
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01488

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "64.18"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 71,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 71,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.39",
              "eval_cost": "7.10",
              "prefix_cost": "14.49",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (86330,86333,86334,86338,86342,82358,82387,86332,82388,82365,84752,92593,92594,92595,92596,94023,94694,94695,94696,94697,94698,94699,94700,94701,94702,94707,94708,96295,96298,96299))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 71,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.75",
              "eval_cost": "7.10",
              "prefix_cost": "39.34",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "17.75",
              "eval_cost": "0.36",
              "prefix_cost": "64.19",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
82358 7152M,7149,7148 0
82365 7149,7152M,7148 0
82387 7148,7152M,7149 0
82388 7152M,7148,7149 0
84752 7149,7152M,7148 0
86330 7148,7149,7152M 0
86332 7149,7152M,7148 0
86333 7149,7152M,7148 0
86334 7152M,7149,7148 0
86338 7149,7148,7152M 0
86342 7152M,7149,7148 0
92593 7303,7161M
92594 7303,7161M
92595 7161M,7303
92596 7303,7161M
94023 7151M,7301
94694 7160M,7305
94695 7160M,7305
94696 7301,7151M
94697 7301,7151M
94698 7160M,7305
94699 7160M,7305
94700 7305,7160M
94701 7305,7160M
94702 7305,7160M
94707 7161M,7303
94708 7161M,7303
96295 7301,7151M
96298 7151M,7301
96299 7160M,7305