SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7340 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    96620, 96621, 96622, 96623, 96624, 96678, 
    96694, 97083, 97219, 97220, 97221, 
    97222, 97223, 97224, 97225, 97226, 
    97227, 97567, 97570, 97573, 97576, 
    97577, 97578, 97579, 97580, 97582, 
    97583, 97584, 97585, 97586
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01228

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "108.30"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "12.30",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "24.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (96620,96621,96622,96623,96624,96678,96694,97083,97219,97220,97221,97222,97223,97224,97225,97226,97227,97567,97570,97573,97576,97577,97578,97579,97580,97582,97583,97584,97585,97586))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "66.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "108.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "15K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
96620 7157M,7341,7342,7343
96621 7157M,7341,7342,7343
96622 7157M,7341,7342,7343
96623 7157M,7341,7342,7343
96624 7157M,7341,7342,7343
96678 7157M,7341,7342,7343
96694 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97083 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97219 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97220 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97221 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97222 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97223 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97224 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97225 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97226 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97227 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97567 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97570 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97573 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97576 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97577 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97578 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97579 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97580 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97582 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97583 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97584 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97585 7157M,7341,7342,7343
97586 7157M,7341,7342,7343