SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7225 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    98541, 98542, 98543, 98544, 98545, 98546, 
    98547, 98548, 98549, 98563, 98564, 
    98565, 98566, 98567, 98568, 98569, 
    99519, 99520, 99521, 99522, 99523, 
    99524, 99525, 99526, 99527, 100971, 
    100972, 100973, 100974, 100975
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01679

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "66.89"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 74,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 74,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "7.69",
              "eval_cost": "7.40",
              "prefix_cost": "15.09",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (98541,98542,98543,98544,98545,98546,98547,98548,98549,98563,98564,98565,98566,98567,98568,98569,99519,99520,99521,99522,99523,99524,99525,99526,99527,100971,100972,100973,100974,100975))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 74,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.50",
              "eval_cost": "7.40",
              "prefix_cost": "40.99",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "18.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.37",
              "prefix_cost": "66.89",
              "data_read_per_join": "9K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
98541 7167M,7283,7183
98542 7167M,7283,7183
98543 7167M,7283,7183
98544 7283,7183,7167M
98545 7283,7167M,7183
98546 7283,7167M,7183
98547 7183,7167M,7283
98548 7167M,7183,7283
98549 7167M,7183,7283
98563 7226,7225M 0
98564 7226,7225M 0
98565 7225M,7226 0
98566 7225M,7226 0
98567 7225M,7226 0
98568 7225M,7226 0
98569 7225M,7226 0
99519 7225M,7226 0
99520 7225M,7226 0
99521 7226,7225M 0
99522 7225M,7226 0
99523 7225M,7226 0
99524 7225M,7226 0
99525 7225M,7226 0
99526 7225M,7226 0
99527 7226,7225M 0
100971 7183,7167M,7283
100972 7183,7283,7167M
100973 7183,7283,7167M
100974 7283,7183,7167M
100975 7167M,7183,7283