SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7156 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    92444, 92445, 92446, 92447, 87653, 87667, 
    87674, 87681, 87702, 87710, 87711, 
    87724, 87725, 92146, 87652, 87658, 
    87666, 87672, 87673, 87679, 87680, 
    87686, 87701, 87707, 87709, 87721, 
    87723, 87735, 88694, 88695
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00126

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "40.78"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 45,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 45,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "4.78",
              "eval_cost": "4.50",
              "prefix_cost": "9.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "720"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (92444,92445,92446,92447,87653,87667,87674,87681,87702,87710,87711,87724,87725,92146,87652,87658,87666,87672,87673,87679,87680,87686,87701,87707,87709,87721,87723,87735,88694,88695))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 45,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "11.25",
              "eval_cost": "4.50",
              "prefix_cost": "25.03",
              "data_read_per_join": "720"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "11.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.23",
              "prefix_cost": "40.78",
              "data_read_per_join": "5K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
87652 7194M
87653 7194M
87658 7194M
87666 7194M
87667 7194M
87672 7194M
87673 7194M
87674 7194M
87679 7194M
87680 7194M
87681 7194M
87686 7194M
87701 7194M
87702 7194M
87707 7194M
87709 7194M
87710 7194M
87711 7194M
87721 7194M
87723 7194M
87724 7194M
87725 7194M
87735 7194M
88694 7194M
88695 7194M
92146 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92444 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92445 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92446 7341,7342,7343,7157M
92447 7341,7342,7343,7157M