SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7210 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    87185, 87202, 87219, 90802, 87186, 87203, 
    87220, 90803, 87183, 87200, 87217, 
    90800, 87148, 87149, 87150, 87151, 
    87152, 87153, 87286, 87181, 87198, 
    87215, 90798, 87184, 87201, 87218, 
    90801, 85014, 85020, 85026, 85032, 
    87182, 87199, 87216, 90799, 87154, 
    87155, 87156, 87157, 87158, 87159, 
    87287, 87180, 87197, 87214, 85018, 
    85024, 85030, 85036, 85013, 85019, 
    85025, 85031, 87142, 87143, 87144, 
    87145, 87146, 87147, 87285, 88766, 
    85017, 85023, 85029, 85035, 87172, 
    87173, 87174, 87175, 87176, 87177, 
    87160, 87161, 87162, 87163, 87164, 
    87165, 88672, 88719, 89215, 89228, 
    89241, 87166, 87167, 87168, 87169, 
    87170, 87171, 87136, 87137, 87138, 
    87139, 87140, 87141, 87284, 89449
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.02549

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "139.28"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "12.99"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 208,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "20.72",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "21.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "21K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 117,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
            "filtered": "1.33",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.33",
              "eval_cost": "1.30",
              "prefix_cost": "121.75",
              "data_read_per_join": "207"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (87185,87202,87219,90802,87186,87203,87220,90803,87183,87200,87217,90800,87148,87149,87150,87151,87152,87153,87286,87181,87198,87215,90798,87184,87201,87218,90801,85014,85020,85026,85032,87182,87199,87216,90799,87154,87155,87156,87157,87158,87159,87287,87180,87197,87214,85018,85024,85030,85036,85013,85019,85025,85031,87142,87143,87144,87145,87146,87147,87285,88766,85017,85023,85029,85035,87172,87173,87174,87175,87176,87177,87160,87161,87162,87163,87164,87165,88672,88719,89215,89228,89241,87166,87167,87168,87169,87170,87171,87136,87137,87138,87139,87140,87141,87284,89449))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "3.25",
              "eval_cost": "1.30",
              "prefix_cost": "126.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "207"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}