SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7240 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    93345, 93346, 93347, 93348, 93349, 93350, 
    93351, 93352, 93353, 93354, 93355, 
    93750, 93751, 93752, 93848, 93849, 
    93886, 93887, 93888, 93889, 93890, 
    93891, 93892, 93893, 94558, 94559, 
    94560, 94561, 94562, 94563
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01521

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "108.30"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "12.30",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "24.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (93345,93346,93347,93348,93349,93350,93351,93352,93353,93354,93355,93750,93751,93752,93848,93849,93886,93887,93888,93889,93890,93891,93892,93893,94558,94559,94560,94561,94562,94563))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "66.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "108.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "15K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
93345 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93346 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93347 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93348 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93349 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93350 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93351 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93352 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93353 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93354 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93355 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93750 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93751 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93752 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93848 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93849 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93886 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93887 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93888 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93889 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93890 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93891 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93892 7208M,7241,7309,7346
93893 7208M,7241,7309,7346
94558 7208M,7241,7309,7346
94559 7208M,7241,7309,7346
94560 7208M,7241,7309,7346
94561 7208M,7241,7309,7346
94562 7208M,7241,7309,7346
94563 7208M,7241,7309,7346