SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7184 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    92075, 92076, 92077, 92078, 92079, 92080, 
    92081, 92131, 92132, 92133, 92134, 
    92135, 92136, 92137, 84026, 84027, 
    84028, 84029, 85580, 89486, 89014, 
    84018, 84019, 84020, 84021, 92019, 
    92020, 92021, 92022, 92023
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00152

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "30.36"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 53,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 53,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "5.58",
              "eval_cost": "5.30",
              "prefix_cost": "10.88",
              "data_read_per_join": "848"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (92075,92076,92077,92078,92079,92080,92081,92131,92132,92133,92134,92135,92136,92137,84026,84027,84028,84029,85580,89486,89014,84018,84019,84020,84021,92019,92020,92021,92022,92023))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "13.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.27",
              "prefix_cost": "29.43",
              "data_read_per_join": "6K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 2,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.66",
              "eval_cost": "0.27",
              "prefix_cost": "30.36",
              "data_read_per_join": "42"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
84018 7188M
84019 7188M
84020 7188M
84021 7188M
84026 7186M
84027 7186M
84028 7186M
84029 7186M
85580 7341,7342,7343,7157M
89014 7184,7187M 0
89486 7185M
92019 7187,7184M 0
92020 7187,7184M 0
92021 7187,7184M 0
92022 7187,7184M 0
92023 7187,7184M 0
92075 7187,7184M 0
92076 7187,7184M 0
92077 7187,7184M 0
92078 7187,7184M 0
92079 7187,7184M 0
92080 7187,7184M 0
92081 7187,7184M 0
92131 7187,7184M 0
92132 7187,7184M 0
92133 7187,7184M 0
92134 7187,7184M 0
92135 7187,7184M 0
92136 7187,7184M 0
92137 7187,7184M 0