SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7210 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    88766, 85017, 85023, 85029, 85035, 87172, 
    87173, 87174, 87175, 87176, 87177, 
    87160, 87161, 87162, 87163, 87164, 
    87165, 88672, 88719, 89215, 89228, 
    89241, 87166, 87167, 87168, 87169, 
    87170, 87171, 87136, 87137
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00140

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "62.72"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 110,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 110,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "11.30",
              "eval_cost": "11.00",
              "prefix_cost": "22.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (88766,85017,85023,85029,85035,87172,87173,87174,87175,87176,87177,87160,87161,87162,87163,87164,87165,88672,88719,89215,89228,89241,87166,87167,87168,87169,87170,87171,87136,87137))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "27.50",
              "eval_cost": "0.55",
              "prefix_cost": "60.80",
              "data_read_per_join": "14K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 5,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "1.38",
              "eval_cost": "0.55",
              "prefix_cost": "62.72",
              "data_read_per_join": "88"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
85017 7210,7211,7214M 0
85023 7210,7211,7214M 0
85029 7210,7211,7214M 0
85035 7210,7211,7214M 0
87136 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87137 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87160 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87161 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87162 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87163 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87164 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87165 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87166 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87167 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87168 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87169 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87170 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87171 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87172 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87173 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87174 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87175 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87176 7241,7309,7346,7208M
87177 7241,7309,7346,7208M
88672 7210,7211,7282M 0
88719 7210,7211,7282M 0
88766 7210,7211,7282M 0
89215 7210,7211,7214M 0
89228 7210,7211,7214M 0
89241 7210,7211,7214M 0