SELECT 
  category_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (7204, 7153, 7254, 7148) 
  AND status = 'A'

Query time 0.00049

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "1.13"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "c_status",
        "p_category_id"
      ],
      "key": "p_category_id",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "category_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 4,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
      "filtered": "10.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "1.09",
        "eval_cost": "0.04",
        "prefix_cost": "1.13",
        "data_read_per_join": "1K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "status"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`category_id` in (7204,7153,7254,7148)) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` = 'A'))"
    }
  }
}