SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 7340 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    91550, 91619, 91788, 91789, 91790, 91791, 
    91792, 91793, 91794, 91795, 92501, 
    92502, 92503, 92504, 92505, 92506, 
    92507, 92192, 92193, 92194, 92195, 
    92196, 92204, 92205, 92206, 92207, 
    92208, 92209, 92442, 92443
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.01653

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "108.30"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "link_type",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 120,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "using_index": true,
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "12.30",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "24.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "(`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (91550,91619,91788,91789,91790,91791,91792,91793,91794,91795,92501,92502,92503,92504,92505,92506,92507,92192,92193,92194,92195,92196,92204,92205,92206,92207,92208,92209,92442,92443))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 120,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "12.00",
              "prefix_cost": "66.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "nuie_scalesta_net.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "30.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.60",
              "prefix_cost": "108.30",
              "data_read_per_join": "15K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`nuie_scalesta_net`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
91550 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91619 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91788 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91789 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91790 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91791 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91792 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91793 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91794 7157M,7341,7342,7343
91795 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92192 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92193 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92194 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92195 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92196 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92204 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92205 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92206 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92207 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92208 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92209 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92442 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92443 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92501 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92502 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92503 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92504 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92505 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92506 7157M,7341,7342,7343
92507 7157M,7341,7342,7343